Fentanyl plus stimulants drives 'fourth wave' of overdose epidemic in the U.S.

Overdoses from people taking both fentanyl and a stimulant, mainly cocaine or meth, have skyrocketed, ushering in what researchers are calling a fourth wave of the overdose epidemic.

Health Sciences

Evidence that intergenerational income mobility is the strongest predictor of drug overdose deaths in U. S. Heartland counties

The fourth wave of the overdose crisis: Examining the prominent role of psychomotor stimulants with and without fentanyl - ScienceDirect

Spatiotemporal Trends in Three Smoothed Overdose Death Rates in US Counties, 2012–2020

Charting the fourth wave: Geographic, temporal, race/ethnicity and demographic trends in polysubstance fentanyl overdose deaths in the United States, 2010–2021 - Friedman - 2023 - Addiction - Wiley Online Library

The Opioid Crisis and Federal Criminal Prosecution - Rachel L. Rothberg, Kate Stith, 2018

Opioid epidemic: The coming tidal wave of overdoses - Big Think

How the fentanyl crisis' fourth wave has hit every corner of the US

The fourth wave of the overdose crisis: Examining the prominent role of psychomotor stimulants with and without fentanyl - ScienceDirect

Beau Ratke, M.Ed. on LinkedIn: N-Desethyl Isotonitazene: A Potent Synthetic Opioid on the Rise

Opioid epidemic: The coming tidal wave of overdoses - Big Think